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Miniopterus aelleni
''Miniopterus aelleni'' is a bat in the genus ''Miniopterus'' that occurs on Anjouan in the Comoros and in northern and western Madagascar. It is a small, brown bat; its forearm length is . The long tragus (a projection in the outer ear) has a broad base and a blunt to rounded tip. The uropatagium (tail membrane) is sparsely haired. The palate is flat and there are distinct diastemata (gaps) between the upper canines and premolars.
Populations of this species have historically been included in ''Miniopterus manavi'', but evidence published in 2008 and 2009 indicates that ''M. manavi'' is actually a complex of five separate species, including the newly described ''M. aelleni''. ''M. aelleni'' has been found in forests and caves in karstic areas. Its distribution generally overlaps that of ''M. griveaudi'', also formerly included in ''M. manavi''.
==Taxonomy==
In a 1995 contribution to ''Faune de Madagascar'' on Malagasy bats, Randolph Peterson and colleagues listed four species of ''Miniopterus'' on Madagascar and the nearby Comoros, including the small ''Miniopterus manavi'' with a broad distribution on both Madagascar and the Comoros.〔Peterson et al., 1995, pp. 120–135〕 However, during the first decade of the 21st century, molecular studies have revealed that ''Miniopterus'', a widespread genus in the Old World, is much more species-rich than previously thought. A 2008 study comparing sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome ''b'' and D-loop markers found two distinct, unrelated groups within the supposed ''M. manavi'' from the Comoros; both groups were also found on Madagascar.〔Weyeneth et al., 2008, p. 5205〕 The next year, Steven Goodman and colleagues revisited the group with more extensive sampling on Madagascar. They separated three species within the former "''M. manavi''": ''M. manavi'' itself in the Central Highlands, ''M. griveaudi'' (previously a subspecies of ''M. manavi'') on Anjouan, Grande Comore, and northern and western Madagascar, and the newly described ''Miniopterus aelleni'' on Anjouan and northern and western Madagascar.〔Goodman et al., 2009a, p. 339〕 The specific name ''aelleni'' honors Prof. Villy Aellen of the Natural History Museum of Geneva, who has done much research on African bats.〔Goodman et al., 2009a, p. 353〕 Within ''M. aelleni'', Goodman and colleagues found some differentiation (3.4% divergence in cytochrome ''b'' sequences) between individuals from Montagne d'Ambre in northern Madagascar and those from Anjouan and Ankarana, near Montagne d'Ambre; the cytochrome ''b'' divergence between ''M. aelleni'' and other Malagasy ''Miniopterus'' is 7 to 10%.〔Goodman et al., 2009a, p. 355〕
Later in 2009, Goodman and colleagues described two more species of ''M. manavi''-like Malagasy ''Miniopterus'': ''M. brachytragos'' from northern Madagascar and ''M. mahafaliensis'' from the southwest.〔Goodman et al., 2009b, p. 1〕 On the basis of cytochrome ''b'' sequences, they found that ''M. aelleni'' was most closely related to a clade of ''M. brachytragos'', ''M. manavi'', and another recently described Malagasy species, ''M. petersoni''.〔Goodman et al., 2009b, p. 6, fig. 2〕 The five recognized species of ''M. manavi''-like bats are not each other's closest relatives, but apparently acquired their similarities through convergent evolution.〔Goodman et al., 2009b, p. 28〕 At some places (for example, Namoroka) four cryptic species of ''M. manavi''-like bats, including ''M. aelleni'', occur together.〔Goodman et al., 2009b, p. 30, table 7〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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